Black Sabbath give heavy metal a central place in this broad definition of rock. The Rock Hall credits them with a foundational role in the genre. Paranoid (1970) is a useful first album: “War Pigs,” “Iron Man” and the title track offer different ways of making a repeated guitar figure carry a song.

Listen for the weight of the rhythm and the contrast between the album’s heavier passages and “Planet Caravan.” We place Sabbath ahead of Nirvana because their musical vocabulary feels more foundational to an entire branch of rock. That is our interpretation of influence, not a measured total of bands inspired. If stylistic breadth and accessible songwriting matter more than the creation of a heavy sound, Queen and the Beatles have a clearer advantage; metal listeners may reverse that priority.

Sources: Rock & Roll Hall of Fame; Paranoid release and tracks.

Photo: Anthony Catalano · CC BY 2.0. Resized where needed and recompressed; image retains this license.