A dome covers a central space with a curved enclosure. Florence Cathedral’s dome is octagonal, so do not expect every example to be a smooth hemisphere. Brunelleschi’s design was built in 1420–1436 and has inner and outer shells; this photograph looks into the painted interior.

Separate the painted scenes from the shape overhead. Skyline and interior views describe different sides of the same covering. Compare its central organisation with the repeated bays of the ribbed vault at #4, instead of calling both ornate ceilings.

Source: Opera del Duomo · Photo: Livioandronico2013 · CC BY-SA 4.0. Resized/recompressed; image retains source license.